组会讲课人员:王振凯
Defining roles of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell biology and physiology
定义特定活性氧物种(ROS)在细胞生物学和生理学中的作用
主讲人:王振凯
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (IF 113.92) Pub Date: 2022-02-21, DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00456-z
Abstract:
Reactive oxygen species’ (ROS) is a generic term that defines a wide variety of oxidant molecules with vastly different properties and biological functions that range from signalling to causing cell damage. Consequently, the description of oxidants needs to be chemically precise to translate research on their biological effects into therapeutic benefit in redox medicine. This Expert Recommendation article pinpoints key issues associated with identifying the physiological roles of oxidants, focusing on H2O2 and O2.-. The generic term ROS should not be used to describe specific molecular agents. We also advocate for greater precision in measurement of H2O2, O2.- and other oxidants, along with more specific identification of their signalling targets. Future work should also consider inter-organellar communication and the interactions of redox-sensitive signalling targets within organs and whole organisms, including the contribution of environmental exposures. To achieve these goals, development of tools that enable site-specific and real-time detection and quantification of individual oxidants in cells and model organisms are needed. We also stress that physiological O2 levels should be maintained in cell culture to better mimic in vivo redox reactions associated with specific cell types. Use of precise definitions and analytical tools will help harmonize research among the many scientific disciplines working on the common goal of understanding redox biology.
摘要:
“活性氧物种”(ROS)是一个通用术语,它定义了多种氧化剂分子,具有截然不同的性质和生物功能,从信号传导到引起细胞损伤。因此,氧化剂的描述需要在化学上精确,才能将其生物效应的研究转化为氧化还原医学的治疗益处。这篇综述指出了与确定氧化剂的生理作用相关的关键问题,重点是H2O2和O2。通用术语ROS不应用于描述特定分子试剂。我们还提倡提高H2O2、O2和其他氧化剂的测量精度,并更具体地识别其信号靶点。未来的工作还应考虑器官和整个生物体内的细胞间通讯和氧化还原敏感信号靶的相互作用,包括环境暴露的影响。为了实现这些目标,需要开发能够对细胞和模型生物中的单个氧化剂进行定点实时检测和定量的工具。我们还强调,细胞培养中应保持生理O2水平,以更好地模拟与特定细胞类型相关的体内氧化还原反应。使用精确的定义和分析工具将有助于协调许多科学学科之间的研究,以实现理解氧化还原生物学的共同目标。